The calibration of the axial and lateral force- measuring systems of tension and tension- compression test instruments (although we could say ‘vertical and horizontal force measuring systems’ this would not be accurate) is performed on-site in almost all cases.
On the one hand, because in most cases moving these devices is either impossible or very difficult due to their size and weight. On the other hand, regulations of the standard stipulate that these devices shall be recalibrated after moving, relocating, transporting etc., at their installation location.
Full name of relevant inspection standard: MSZ EN ISO 7500-1 Verification of static uniaxial testing machines Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines. Verification and calibration of the force- measuring system
Calibrating as per the MSZ EN ISO 7500- 1 international standard consists of the following inspections:
Calibration of the force-measuring system of the device, which results in the determination of the following metrological characteristics:
Based on the requirements in the standard, testing machines can be classified into the following accuracy classes:
TABLE1: MSZ EN ISO 7500-1 standard,
table 2.
Classification of tension force-measuring devices according to their principle of operation::
Tension-compression, bending test
In order to determine material properties, tensile testing is generally the most preferable, this means modelling of the uniaxial tensile stress. The tensile strength test specimen is a representative sample taken from the material or the batch of material. There are specific requirements set out for the tensile strength test specimen and the tension testing machine. During the test, a tensile test diagram is recorded, i.e. the function of the elongation and the force is registered. The ELONGATION - FORCE function can be registered in the following ways.
In the former case, only the typical force data measuring is accurate, in the latter case, the travel data is also evaluable.
The test consists of four sections:
IMAGE 1: Tensile test diagram
The following characteristics can be calculated from the tensile test diagrams and from the test specimen dimensions before and after the test:
Solidity features:
Deformation features:
At permanent deformation technologies, logarithmic deformation is used because this is how the successive deformations expressed in percentage can be correctly summed. The results of the tensile test constitute important sizing base data in technical life. While the basis for sizing for elastic deformation or stiffness is the modulus of elasticity, 
the Poisson factor is used for transverse deformation.
Basics of static strength sizing: the yield point (the so-called allowable stress which is reduced by the appropriate safety factor); the conventional yield point and the tensile strength.
In addition to tensile tests, compressive bending tests are also common. They are often used to qualify low deformability ceramics, cast irons, hard metals, brittle composites, etc.